In the world of finance and trading, convergence and divergence are terms used to describe the. From age discrimination, to zero hours contracts, each entry reflects the views of an expert and authoritative author. Jo rhodes lecturer, international graduate school of business, university of south australia, city west campus sa 5000 email protected. Leadership convergence and divergence in the era of.
Human resource practices and policies for competitive advantage worldwide. University of twente student theses universiteit twente. Convergence and divergence of human resource management. Convergence or divergence between european hrm and american. Globalization and convergencedivergence of hrm across nations. Convergence and divergence of human resource management across countries paul schermuly bachelor thesis business economics business management, corporate governance publish your bachelors or masters thesis, dissertation, term paper or essay. Convergence and divergence in asian human resource management. The international journal of human resource management volume 5, 1994 issue 2. Second, they fail to recognize that divergent and contradictory practices may well exist within one society. The concept of convergence and divergence are clearly defined within two distinct paradigms of er. Convergence generally means coming together, while divergence generally means moving apart. As a member, youll also get unlimited access to over 79,000 lessons in math, english, science, history, and more.
Leadership convergence and divergence in the era of globalization. Pdf human resource management in an international context. Convergence and divergence debate over ihrm practices term. You appear to be on a device with a narrow screen width i. New measures, explanatory theory, and nonstandard predictions from bringing in economics may 2016 human resource management. Convergence and divergence issues in strategic management indonesias experience with the balanced scorecard in hr management. B nowadays, there is an increasingly concern about convergence and divergence debate over human resource management practices of mncs that operate expandly accross the globe. Studies also suggest that the divergence of hr practices in french economies do not constitute convergence to an international human resource model. The world is becoming far more competitive and volatile than ever before, causing firms to seek to gain competitive advantage whenever and.
Khan sultan qaboos university, oman the role of human resource management function is at the crossroad, and on the one hand it is facing the crisis whereas there also exists an unprecedented opportunity to redefine and refocus. These policy options can be measured by strategic qualities and managerial roles ibid. The paper evaluates the converging vs diverging implications in estonia and finland by comparing hr strategies, policies and practices between the two countries in the context of hrm in the nordic and eu. Convergence and divergence issues in strategic management. Call for papers divergence, convergence, or crossvergence. Feb 27, 2015 bringing together a diverse set of key hrm themes such as talent management, global careers and employee engagement, this remarkably wide ranging work on managing human resources in more than 20 emerging markets is written by worldleading experts in hrm in emerging markets and based on leadingedge research and practice.
Convergence and divergence in asian hunnan resource managennent. Despite all the pressures towards convergence, differences in cultural and trade union context produce divergent relationships. Convergence theory definition, discussion and examples. Divergence, convergence, or crossvergence in international. Convergence and diversity in international and comparative. Helen verhoeven, bal chansarkar, sue williams the developments in technology and economics have fuelled the debate about convergence or divergence of behaviour in organisations royle 1995, shenkar and luo 2004, ferner et al. Many of the series you come across will fall into one of several basic types.
In business, this is sometimes called a company culture, in the sense that people who work there tend to. Abstract excerpt in this essay, we reexamine a critical paradox in international and comparative industrial relations, a paradox that already decades ago demonstrated its ability to intrigue scholarly curiosity galenson, 1952,1963. Pdf globalization and convergencedivergence of hrm. Convergence and divergence issues in strategic management an asian perspective on the balanced scorecard in hr management working paper reproduction prohibited without authors permission dr. European firms are adopting firm performance orientation in hrm. Oct 30, 2014 there is debate in academic literature, if there is european hrm or hrm in europe. Convergence is modelled on the association that all er will converge or become uniform kerr et al 1960 throughout the globe.
Convergence and divergence debate over ihrm practices cram. Convergence, divergence and diffusion of hrm in emerging. Recognizing these types will help you decide which tests or strategies will be most useful in finding whether a series is convergent or divergent. Along with the increased focus on comparative hrm research, the role of context and the debate between convergence and divergence of hrm practices. Hrm convergencedivergence trends are explained using economic theories from international trade and economic geography. Sep 30, 2019 convergence theory presumes that as nations move from the early stages of industrialization toward becoming fully industrialized, they begin to resemble other industrialized societies in terms of societal norms and technology. With regard to convergence approach, it is generally. To begin, i follow several recent studies, such as mayrhofer, brewster, morley, and ledolter 2011, and concentrate attention on convergencedivergence among member states of the european union eu, such as germany and spain or, alternatively, eu economicculture regions. The purpose of this paper is to adopt the convergence divergence perspective to examine the extent of similarities and differences in human resource management practices between multinational enterprise subsidiaries and local firms in ghana. Convergence definition of convergence by merriamwebster. This investigation concludes that there is indeed a convergence in the use of hrm for. Convergence and divergence debate over ihrm practices by.
After definition and measurement of hrm convergence divergence, the next step is development of a theory or model embodying various causeeffect relationships which are able to offer if a then b explanations of the patterns and trends. Convergence vs divergence of culture and literature examples. Convergence and diversity in international and comparative industrial relations. Because eachpositive series partial sum of a positive series is greater than the last, every positive series either converges or. Huselid advocates hpws, hr systems and hr architecture in hrm theory. This explorative study aims to contribute to the debate of convergencedivergence in the field of organization and management practices.
Jan 28, 2016 the encyclopedia of human resource management is an authoritative and comprehensive reference resource with over 400 entries on core hr areas and key concepts. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you succeed. The convergence and divergence of hrm across nations. Pdf this paper advances theory development in international and comparative hrm regarding convergencedivergence trends in hrm.
Economic theories predict globalization mostly likely leads to growing divergence in hrm practices across. Convergence and divergence in the context of globalization essay. That is defined by devanna, fombrun, and tichy 1981. Jan 01, 2006 the purpose of this paper is to participate in the convergence. Economic and democratic divergenceconvergence consumerism divergenceconvergence importexport divergenceconvergence three varied economic views on globalization as they represent the core of the debate regarding globalization, as. Due to the nature of the mathematics on this site it is best views in landscape mode. Jun 25, 2019 convergence generally means coming together, while divergence generally means moving apart. New measures of hrm convergencedivergence are developed using frequency distributions of hrm practices.
Josh kaufman explains convergence and divergence over time, you become more and more like whom you spend time with, and less like people in other groups. The two diagrams differ only with respect to the country used as the benchmark to gauge convergencedivergence. Human resource management in an international context. Apr 22, 2020 download 14page essay on convergence and divergence in the context of globalization 2020. Convergence is the tendency of group members to become more alike over time. To what extent do hr practices converge in line with what may be considered best. Opinions expressed by forbes contributors are their own. Social variables make european hrm divergent from american hrm. To sustain or enhance corporate competitiveness in the 21st century, it is important for organizations to comprehensively understand the influences of. Multinational companies mncs provide convergence in hrm practices and national institutions and their law provide divergence in hrm. Pdf globalization and convergencedivergence of hrm across. European hrm covers american hrm and social partners. Hr compensation and reward, employee satisfaction and competitive advantage according to sparrow et al.
Divergence approach to ihrm contrary to convergence point of view which assumed that the differences of local practices in hrm were only the reflection of different stages of development and will be ultimately replaced by one best way, advocates of divergence outlook agreed that there were significant gaps in the context acting as. The international journal of human resource management. Khan sultan qaboos university, oman the role of human resource management function is at the crossroad, and on the one hand it is facing the. Convergence definition of convergence by the free dictionary. Convergence and divergence debate over ihrm practices bartleby. Divergence, convergence, or crossvergence in international human resource management. You can follow sylvia on twitter here weve taken the visual and fleshed it out with some commentary from wikipedia a resource we love, by the way. A common theme in the international human resource management perspective has been convergence and divergence in hr practice resulting from globalization. First, they tend to present a static view of a national industrial order and they offer no account of how change comes about. Oct 09, 2019 while cultural convergence denotes the coming together of other cultures, cultural divergence is the reverse. The studies of rowley 1997 and rowley and benson 2002 indicated that disputable areas occurred regarding the evolution of asian hrm, namely, convergence or divergence in hrm of asiapacific. There is a debate on whether cultures are diverging or converging but following the issue of globalization, which has brought people together boosting commonness rather than diversity, it.