May 25, 2015 dna computing, currently a hot research field in information processing, has the advantages of parallelism, low energy consumption, and high storability. In this article, youll learn how scientists are using genetic material to create nanocomputers that might take the place of silicon based computers in the next decade. In this paper i intend to present the computing technology that has a great future dna computing. As modern encryption algorithms are broken, the world of information security looks in new directions to protect the data it transmits. Dna cryptography based on dna hybridization and one time pad scheme. The idea that individual molecules or even atoms could be used for computation dates. Dna cryptography is one of the rapid emerging technology which works on concepts of dna computing. The ppt explains the relatively new form of computing that, instead of using silicon based technology, utilizes the abilities of the dna. In dna computing, technology of dna is used to solve difficult computational problems, while in dna cryptography, different difficult biological problems are. Human brains contain an average of 86 billion neurons that transmit and process information.
Why dna cryptography and which are the principal benefits for its adoption. The concept of using dna computing in the fields of cryptography and steganography has been identified as a possible technology that may bring forward a new hope for. Dna computing information security is very vital in todays digital era of ecommerce and ebusiness. Once a circuit is obtained by an attacker, it is a matter of time before one can reverse engineer its configuration. He used dna to solve a sevennode hamiltonian path problem, a special case of an npcomplete. Benefits and risks of dnabased computing network world. The main benefit of using dna computers to solve complex problems is that different possible solutions are created all at once. Also, such technology is very hard to use outside laboratories currently, both getting the dna strands, and extracting the results. Dna computing is a discipline that aims at harnessing individual molecules at the nanoscopic level for computational purposes. Information security technology based on dna computing. Review on dna based encryption algorithm for text and. Even though dna has been proven it can be used to calculate complex mathematical problems, the work has not become widespread because it is incredibly timeintensive.
Development of dna computing and information processing based. Both of these refer to the ability of computing systems to learn and to make decisions based on the information they are given. Clearly, computing with dna has massive advantages over silicon based machines. Request pdf information security technology based on dna computing dna computing is a new method of simulating biomolecular structure of dna and computing by means of molecular biology. Dna computing was proposed as a means of solving a class of intractable computational problems in which the computing time can grow exponentially with problem size the np. Dna computing is the use of biomolecular components rather than standard artificial hardware such as silicon chips in computer technology. A number of proposals have been submitted for breaking conventional cryptosystems by dna computing. The dna computing model given by adleman 8 cannot be taken as dna cryptography directly. We firstly introduce the basic idea of dna computing, and then discuss the information security technology in dna computing. Dna computing uses biological materials like dna, biochemistry and molecular biology, in place of traditional silicon based computer technology. A new technique for securing data was introduced using the biological structure of dna called dna computing aka molecular computing or biological computing.
With this, a dna computer could hold 10 terabytes of data and perform 10 trillion calculations at a time. Gearheart march 26, 2010 traditional silicon based circuitry is susceptible to security attacks as a consequence of the static nature of its design. Their role is twofold as a model for analyzing, quantifying and understanding the behavior of certain dna computing. Dna sequences based data encryption seems to be an assuring technique for fulfilling the current information security needs. Conventional silicon based computing, which has advanced by leaps and bounds in recent decades, is.
Dnabased nand logic gate is the same as the or gate that discussed previously, except the base sequence contains the sequence representing true rather than false. Dna computing is a new method of simulating biomolecular structure of dna and computing by means of molecular biology technological computation. Dna computing is a branch of computing which uses dna, biochemistry, and molecular biology hardware, instead of the traditional silicon based computer technologies. Chapter 1 aims and objectives information and library. The molecular computers could take advantage of dna s physical properties to store information and perform calculations. Dna computing technology is unlikely to replace conventional silicon computers. Data security is concerned with the areas of communication and data transmission. Mar 12, 2012 the future of computing power from dna hard drives to quantum chips. Dna computing is a nascent technology that seeks to capitalize on the enormous informational capacity of dna, biological molecules that can store huge amounts of information.
Dna cryptography based on dna hybridization and one time. The vast parallelism and extra ordinary information density inherent in dna. Dna cryptography is used to solve conflicts in cryptography. The topics include the use of proteins and other molecules for information processing, molecular recognition, computation in nonlinear media, computers based on physical reactiondiffusion systems found in chemical media, dna computing, bioelectronics and protein based optical computing.
Thus the idea of this form of dna computing is at great risk in the field of cryptography. The encryption and decryption process proposed in this paper will use the dna sequencing string of the dna. In particular, john reif and his group at duke university have proposed two different techniques to reuse the computing dna complexes. Despite the complexity of this technology, the idea behind dna computing follows from a simple analogy between the following two processes, one. He intro duces the basic idea of dna computing, and then discusses the information security technology in dna computing.
Ultimately, dna cryptography appeared only gradually. Subsequent research on dna computing has produced reversible dna computing, bringing the technology one step closer to the siliconbased computing used in for example pcs. While still in their infancy, dna computers will be capable of storing billions of times more data than your personal computer. For instanc e, in the example shown here, it is possible t o travel directly. Development of dna computing and information processing.
The techniques used are also employed by dna computing and thus dna nanotechnology overlaps with dna computing. Dna computing leonard adlemano s original paper on dna computing contained the seed of the idea weoll pursue here n that the programmability of dna hybridization reactions can be used to direct selfassembly according to simple rules. The future of computing power from dna hard drives to. In this paper, a novel algorithm of reversible data hiding based on dna computing is proposed. Since dna computing is a new technology with the advantages of the enormous capability of to perform parallel computing, massive information storage capacity, and low energy consumption. It deals with the biochips made of dna that are able to perform billions of calculations at once by multiplying themselves in number. Although there are many problems in dna cryptography, scientists are trying to solve them because they believe that, with the extraordinary information density and the vast parallelism that are inherent in dna. N2 computing by representing information in the form of dna base sequences has several potential advantages over silicon based computing methods, due to the massive parallelism of the biochemical reactions on dna. In this regard, dna computing was introduced based on the usage of dna and molecular biology hardware instead of the typical silicon based technology. Dna based information storage, synthetic biology, information storage technology. Review on dna based encryption algorithm for text and image data mohit rusia1, reader hemant makwana2. Dna deoxyribose nucleic acid computing, also known as molecular computing is a new approach to massively parallel computation based on groundbreaking work by adleman.
Dna the future of computing information technology essay abstract. Dna computing could help take the digital era to the next. It can realize several security technologies such as encryption, steganography, signature and authentication by using dna molecular as information medium. But within five to 10 years dna based computers could be tested for medical applications. Basic architecture and applications of dna computing. The concept of using dna computing in the fields of cryptography and steganography has been identified as a possible technology. It makes use of the specificity of watsoncrick base pairing and other dna properties to make novel structures out of dna.
It has many advantages like perform millions of operations simultaneous, generate a complete set of potential solutions, conduct large parallel searches, efficiently handle massive amounts of working memory, cheap, clean, readily available materials, amazing ability to store information. Dna computing, the performing of computations using biological molecules, rather than traditional silicon chips. Computing handbook set computer science volume i chapter. Then the caltech researchers subsequently built a dna based. Inspired by the algorithm of histogram modification, which is a classical algorithm for reversible data hiding, we combine it with dna computing to realize this algorithm based on biological technology. The goal of the dna computing field is to create a device that can work independent of human involvement. It indicated that the cryptosystem using publickey was perhaps insecure. The method uses variable length representation of jobs. Dna is known to carry information from one generation to other and is.
Whereas current technology rests on a highly linear principle of logic, and one computation must be completed before the next can begin, the use of dna means that an enormous number of calculations can take place simultaneously. Today, many scientists believe that dna computing will complement silicon based computers, not replace them. Introduction to dna computing 25 chapter 2 introduction to dna computing 2. Dna computing, currently a hot research field in information processing, has the advantages of parallelism, low energy consumption, and high storability.
Also explore the seminar topics paper on dna based computing with abstract or synopsis, documentation on advantages and disadvantages, base paper presentation slides for ieee final year computer science engineering or cse students for the year 2015 2016. Two of the terms used in biological computing are genetic algorithms and neural networks. However, dna computing seems to be the first example of true nanotechnology, forging a link between computational science and life science. The adleman dna computer created a group of possible answers very quickly, but it took days for adleman to narrow down the possibilities. Dna cryptography an area of dna computing bioinform proteom opn acc j dna cryptography an area of dna computing senapati kk department of computer science and engineering, birla institute of technology. May 06, 2015 conventional silicon based computing, which has advanced by leaps and bounds in recent decades, is pushing against its practical limits. The emerging science of dna cryptography mit technology. Readout by di erence in re ectance in the rulayer a. Dna or deoxyribonucleic acid works as a memory to store genetic information in cellular organism. Explore dna based computing with free download of seminar report and ppt in pdf and doc format. In which dna is used as information carrier, this modern biological technology is used as an implementation tool. Dna cryptography can be defined as a hiding data in terms of dna sequence. Dna computing department of computer science, cusat 1 cochin university of science and technology cochin 682022 2010 seminar report on dna computing submitted by princy sugathan s in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of. In place of traditional code such as the common binary variety, dna computing.
Dna computing is a nascent technology that seeks to capitalize on the enormous informational capacity of dna, biological molecules that can store huge amounts of information and are able to perform operations similar to a computers through the deployment of enzymes, biological catalysts that act like software to execute. The term molectronics has sometimes been used, but this term has already been used for an earlier technology. New data storage technology can fit 490 exabytes of data per gram of dna. Dna cryptography is a new field in cryptography which harnesses rise of dna computing. The emerging field of dna nanotechnology has also developed quickly. Each job is represented with a dna sequence that is proportional dna computing free download p sugathan,2010,dspace. It introduces a firenew data structure and calculating method, providing a new way for solving the npcomplete problem. If dna computing can be used to break codes, then the machinery of life can be exploited to encrypt data too. Research and development in this area concerns theory, experiments, and applications of dna computing. May 29, 2019 dna computing is the use of biomolecular components rather than standard artificial hardware such as silicon chips in computer technology. Dna stores a massive amount of information inside the tiny nuclei of living cells. Subscribe to access expert insight on business technology in an adfree environment. In a different perspective, more than 10 trillion dna molecules can fit into an area no larger than 1 cubic centimeter.
This simple but powerful toehold structure lays the foundation for an information storage architecture with versatile capabilities. While 2014 was the year of data breach, 2015 is off to a fast. For example, dna polymerase will make a watsoncrick complemen tary dna strand fr om a dna template. Nanotechnology current biomolecular computing technology is still far from overtaking the silicon chip. A new emerging research topic in the field of information storage, security and cryptography is dna based cryptography. The article talked about efforts at california institute of technology, for example, making use of dna nanostructures called seesaw gates to construct logic circuits analogous to those used in microprocessors. Dna cryptography is built on dna which is an information. In dna computing, technology of dna is used to solve difficult computational problems, while in dna cryptography, different difficult biological problems are studied and it lays the secure foundation of dna cryptosystems. The only operations used in these computers are the iterated splicing the splicing known from dna recombination and the squeezing operation which in formal language.
In addition to his wide interests in information security. A survey on dna computing and a pseudo dna method based on central dogma of molecular biology biology is a life science which has high significance on. In one method, called dna strand displacement, the input of dna that binds to a dna logic gate displaces a strand of dna that serves as the output. Dna cryptography is a rapid emerging technology which works on concepts of dna computing. Cryptography is one the major elements in data security and communications security. In the proposed algorithms, dna sequence is used as a digital watermark, as the dna sequences are unique and difficult to copy. This paper proposes two algorithms namely content based watermark algorithm using dna sequence cbdna and user specified watermark algorithm using dna. Dna computing, also known as molecular computing, is a new approach to massively parallel computation based on groundbreaking work by adleman.
Consisting of four bases a adenine, t thymine, c cytosine and g guanine, these bases follow a watson crick complementary rule whereby a complements t, c complements g and vice versa. Dna computation based approach for enhanced computing power. Dna computing cochin university of science and technology. Dna strand displacement reactions sdrs 1,2,3 have been employed to implement highly complex tasks such as molecular computing 4,5, information processing 6,7,8, and nanorobots. In fact, dna polymerase needs a star t 56 scientific american august 1998 computing with dna c onsider a map of cities connected by certain nonstop flights top right.
Researcharticle reversible data hiding based on dna computing. Pdf dna computing and its application to information and. Dna based computing seminar report and ppt for cse students. A survey on dna computing and a pseudo dna method based on central dogma of molecular biology abstract. Motivation and method the pseudo dna cryptography method is different from that of the dna cryptography based on dna. It encodes all the instructions needed to make every living creature on earth. Security, hypersensitive information, dna cryptography, dna computing. Thus, at least one of the inputs must be false in order to create a double strand chain. Dna based computing for secure circuitry design christy m. Mar 02, 2017 the concept of dna computing was first introduced in 1994. Biomolecular computing or dna computing is a fast developing area, research is going on to better understand the theory, experiments, applications of dna computing.
Dna itself provides the added benefits of being a cheap, energyefficient resource. Abstract dna cryptography is a relatively new paradigm that has attracted great interest in the field of information security. The term molectronics has sometimes been used, but this term has already. Chemical reaction networks crns are becoming central tools in the study and practice of dna computing and molecular programming. Implementing digital computing with dnabased switching.
In principle there could be billions upon trillions of dna molecules undergoing chemical reactions, that is, performing computations, simultaneously 3. Biology is a life science which has high significance on the quality of life and information security. Guangzhao cui can realize several security technologies such as encryption, steganography, signature and authentication by using dna molecular as information medium. An efficient direction of achieving data security can be termed as dna based cryptography. Dna computing a computer that uses dna deoxyribonucleic acids to store information and perform complex calculations.